Fracture mechanism of rock collapse in the freeze–thaw zone of the eastern Sichuan–Tibet Mountains under seasonal fluctuating combinations of water and heat

In the freeze–thaw zone of eastern Sichuan–Tibet Mountains, phases water in cracks show strong seasonal variations, which significantly affect stability perilous rocks. However, few studies have clearly addressed role water/ice crack development from a fracture mechanics viewpoint to explain seasonality rock collapse. this study, we built physical models calculate water-freezing stress, hydrostatic pressure, and their combinations induced by propagation mechanism under temperature fluctuations different seasons mountainous regions. On basis these models, conditions, simulate process, illustrate collapse using extended finite element method. The results indicate that water, induce stress spatiotemporal temperature, determine various styles influence what kind when will occur. fractured rocks generally damage accumulation owing initiation, propagation, connection primary freezing or pressure processes.